About Muhammad Abduh:
Mu?ammad 'Abduh was an Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer, regarded as one of the key founding figures of Islamic Modernism, sometimes called Neo-Mu'tazilism after the medieval Islamic school of theology based on rationalism, Mu'tazila. He broke the rigidity of the Muslim ritual, dogma, and family ties. He also wrote among other things, "Treatise on the Oneness of God", and a commentary on the Qur'an. Abduh was a Freemason and had a close relationship with the Bahá'í Faith.