The Polish freedom movement of 1968 lost its confrontation with police violence; the Prague Spring was crushed by the armies of five Warsaw Pact members. But in both countries, 1968 gave birth to a new political consciousness.
DescriptionPolish historian, essayist and former dissident
BornOctober 17, 1946
CountryPoland
ProfessionJournalist; Writer
AwardsGrand Merit Cross Of The Order Of Merit Of The Federal Republic Of Germany; Order Of The White Eagle; Order Of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk; Medal For Merit To Culture; Erasmus Prize; Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award
